Enhanced antibacterial activity of green synthesized Ag NPs against Gram-negative bacteria by Nigella sativa isolated from UTI
Received: 26 December 2024 \ Revised: 17 January 2025 \ Accepted: 25 January 2025 | Online: 15 October 2025
Corresponding author: Shahad khalid Hassan
Abstract
Background: The improper use of antibiotics results in significant bacterial resistance to numerous antibiotics, particularly in prevalent bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. This is a challenge in the management of urinary tract infections induced by certain bacterial species. Consequently, it stimulates scientists to search for an alternative antibacterial agent with fewer adverse effects and lower bacterial resistance. Nanotechnology recently represented alternative therapeutic methods by eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles which showed a significant result on pathogenic bacteria in many studies including the current study. Objective: This study aims to indicate the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized Ag NPs by Nigella sativa aqueous extract against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Materials and methods: 130 specimens of different age groups for both genders from clinical source (urine) were collected, between the beginning of December 2023 and end of April 2024 from patients of Baqubah Education Hospital and Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital in Diyala, after cultured in the cultures media, the total clinical isolates were 125 isolates of a different genus of bacteria. Results: The result showed that four species belong to the Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which isolated from urine 42 (33.6%),33 (26.4%), 27 (21.6%),and 23 (18.4%),respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the average size and shape of the nanoparticles, which came out to be 54 nm. The Ag NPs have a smooth surface texture and a spherical shape, according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wavelength range was evaluated using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), which investigate a noticeable peak at 420 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that the reduction and capping processes are made possible by several functional groups found in biomolecules. Ag NPs at different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml) were evaluated against isolates that were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). According to the results, at a dose of 200 mg/ml, the highest inhibition zone diameters against K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were (25, 23, 22, and 21) mm, respectively. On the other hand, the same isolates showed the smallest zones at 12.5 mg/ml to be (15, 12, 14, and 0) mm, respectively. Conclusion: The research shown that The Nigella sativa aqueous extract displays a potent action against Gram-negative bacteria, however the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) surpassed that of Nigella sativa seed extracts.
Keywords:
UTI, Ag NPs, Biosynthesis, Nanoparticles, MDR.Downloads
References
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